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Question: Discuss About The Product Design Development Should Determine? Answer: Ethical Issue Identification In most cases, firms dealing with product design and development should determine a products readiness for release. This step takes place after spending resources such as money, time, and labor to identify a problem, create a solution, and test the system. In this video, a manager is pressurizing an employee to launch a system without undertaking tests on it to meet a clients deadline (Al-Saggaf, 2016). Sometimes, product launch does not depend on a new application being ready. However, it involves informing the world that the product has been released and ready for use. Clients start loading information into the software database since they believe it is secure and bug-free. Edwards and Steinke (2008) notes that software errors and bugs are a normal part of an IT application. As such, many program vendors provide no expectation of correctness or guarantee of reliability when releasing a software. Additionally, companies find it easier to launch a product, spend more resources on marketing, and then fix bugs after complaints from users. Edwards and Steinke (2008) argues that the ICT vendor has the ethical responsibility for testing and correcting a product. Implications of the Ethical Problem The manager believes that the team should release the product without testing to impress the client and avoid losing business. However, the employee responsible for the launch believes that the piece of software should be tested first to ascertain that it works properly and meets user requirements. On the contrary, it can damage the reputation of the product vendor for launching an untested product. For instance, the software can suddenly crush or spit out the wrong output that may lead to loss of trust due to the presence of bugs on the code. Moreover, client may lose critical data through a program that has defects. As a result, a bug-plagued software can become costly for both the client and service provider. Previous studies have shown that this unethical move in ICT has been prevalent and detrimental and has led to an annual loss of $59.5 billion in America (Waychal and Capretz, 2016). The costs are borne by the developer and users. In some cases, if the program is installed in a medical equipment, it can be dangerous or cause death. A software product is prone to errors due to its overwhelming sophistication. In includes millions of lines of codes that are prone to defects. As such, developers should be given enough time to identify and correct bugs to prevent future loss or damage on firms reputation. According to Richardson and Gwaltney (2005), improved testing enables earlier identification and correction of software bugs and can eliminate a third of defect-related loss. Unfortunately, most software developers are driven by greed to release products early without proper testing. Al-Saggaf, Burmeister, and Weckert (2015) reasonably argued that human weakness could push them to exploit product vulnerabilities to obtain a capital gain. Their study found that greed factor triggered unethical conduct in the field of ICT. Ineffective corporate and IT policies can lead to abuse of workers and company assets by those in power for personal gains. As a result, more than half of software errors are discovered after form al product launch. An example of the impact of this ethical issue involves the 2013 Healthcare.gov massive system failure caused by lack of rigorous evaluation before implementation (Roy, 2013). The healthcare exchange product was rolled out to support Affordable Care Act. However, the government stifled effective agile development and appropriate testing caused the development cost to swell three times from the budgeted amount. In contrast, if the defect was identified earlier, fixing it would have been cheaper. Solution to the Ethical Problem During the development process, the project team should test a product to identify bugs. Developers can deploy an online tracking solution to record defects and implement a streamlined approach to resolving such defects. Identified bugs should be ranked according to their severity and impact. In this case, the developer in the video can choose to delay the launch date to ensure that the system is tested for release. The system is only considered safe and reliable after the defect triage is complete and the developers have completed correcting the defects. This live software is now guaranteed to be free from defects and can be adopted by a client. Staying ahead of this ethical issue requires integrity and vigilance. The firm should implement a measure makes clients data safety paramount, resisting scenarios of greed and corruption. Notably, meeting such standards can be challenging for firm managers and owners who focus on revenue creation and sales improvement. On the other side, the developer should bring up such ethical issues in early stages of product development for the CEO to communicate to the client before the deadline. Apparently, ethical imagination is required for products that are used by different stakeholders. The developer should consciously use some imagination and avoid assuming that users will think in a similar way. In other words, a programmer should think of a way that a client will use a properly developed software improperly. Imagining a worst case scenario in the early stages will help launch a bug-free system on time. When faced with an ethical dilemma such as the one presented in the video, the developers primary obligation is to communicate on the manner and share his or her concerns with management. As such, the firm should ensure that they have implemented internal processes that encourage sharing of challenges and concerns. Similarly, the management is required to listen to the employee to create a solution. The concerns and facts should be documented for future reference. This ethical issue can be solved through a teleological theory that focuses on the actions and the consequences (Guy, 1990). The manager and the developer should choose an action, among a set, that will lead to a greatest good and least harm. The set of actions, according to the YouTube video, include letting the system go live, developer resigning, or fighting back. From this discussion, it is hard to negotiate ethical issues involving an active decision. It gets more challenging when the challenge involves a problem that can be postponed and labeled a task that can be fixed later after a product has been launched. However, a company should avoid launching un-tested programs since a single bug can cause inconceivable harm and loss. References Al-Saggaf, Y. (2016, October 20). IT management: Select action end of video and see its consequence [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mugeCY3vbxo Al-Saggaf, Y., Burmeister, O., Weckert, J. (2015). Reasons behind unethical behavior in the Australian ICT workplace: An empirical investigation. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 13(3/4), 235-255. Edwards, J. N., Steinke, G. (2008). Ethical issues in the software quality assurance function. Communication of the IIMA, 8(1), 53-58. Guy, M. E. (1990). Ethical decision making in everyday work situations. New York: Quorum Books.management. Richardson, J., Gwaltney, J. W. (2005). Ship it! A practical guide to successful software projects. Pragmatic Bookshelf. Roy, A. (2013). Obamacares website is crashing because it doesnt want you to know how costly its plans are. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2013/10/14/obamacares-website-is-crashing-because-it-doesnt-want-you-to-know-health-plans-true-costs/#464665f57a5f Waychal, P. K., Capretz, L. F. (2016). Why a testing career is not the first choices of engineers. 123rd Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education, 14994.

Principles of the Human Relations Movement Essay Example

Principles of the Human Relations Movement Essay In today’s successful organisations, the most important focus is managing individual employee satisfaction and motivation, apart from complying with formal rules and operating procedures, to maintain high qualityproductivity. Unlike the classical perspectives of management such as Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, â€Å"the importance of informal social factors in the work place such as co-worker relationships and group norms that influence employee motivation and performance is highlighted† (Macky Johnson, 2003, p. 2) under the ‘Human Relations Movement’. This essay will discuss how the Human Relations Movement has been adapted and carried out successfully in New Zealand by the restaurant chain, Starbucks Coffee. By focusing on the principles of maintaining a socialised natural group working environment and two-way communication between employees and managers, this essay will demonstrate how they became the most powerful and well-known coffee franchi se restaurant in New Zealand market. To start with, the Human Relations Movement firstly emphasises the importance of the working environment for employees as a socialised natural group in which social aspects for both employees and managers take precedence over functional organisational structures. Elton Mayo, who was called â€Å"the founder of both the Human Relations Movement and of industrial sociology† (Pugh Hickson, 1989, P. 152), had the basic idea that â€Å"workers had strong social needs which they tried to satisfy through membership of informal social groups at work place† (Nicholson, 1998, p. 15). Opposing the classical perspectives of management principles of the Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, Mayo claimed that scientifically clarified rules, strict work procedure and incentive money payments were not the only stimulus to inspire workers and that they were â€Å"less factors in determining output than were group standards, sentiments and security† (Robbins, Millett Waters-Mar sh, 2004, p. 815-816) after he proceeded an experiment, called the ‘Hawthorne Experiment’. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of the Human Relations Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of the Human Relations Movement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of the Human Relations Movement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the Hawthorne Studies, employees were motivated to work harder and efficiently when managers provided a more comfortable and informal working environment taking into account individual satisfaction and their personal needs rather than manipulating employees by way of higher remuneration. Mayo demonstrated that an organisation could not generate much beneficial output if managers â€Å"treat workers simply as economic individuals wanting to maximise pay and minimise effort† (cited Nicholson, 1998, p. 215). As a result, â€Å"managers would no longer consider the issue of organisation design without including the effects on work groups and employee attitudes† (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, p. 47). They now see their jobs as dealing with human beings rather than simply with work. One of the most well-known and influencing coffee franchise restaurants in New Zealand, Starbucks Coffee, tries its best to offer an informal and social working environment in which employees can enjoy themselves and be enthusiastic, in order to satisfy and motivate those employees at the same time increasing company sales. The company expects and encourages every employee to participate in developing plans, creating and achieving their goals. First of all, Starbucks Coffee, for example, treats every employee equally and they are all called ‘partners’. Therefore, those employees can feel more familiar and closer to their work place which could otherwise have been formal and difficult to feel part of. Also, Starbucks Coffee puts its effort into paying attention to employees, so as to satisfy their personal needs and wants. Managers schedule and allocate employees’ work hours and schedule time off with the needs of those employees being central. Additionally, employees, including part-time employees, for instance, are provided a number of benefits such as medical and dental health care coverage, vacations, discounts on merchandise, etc, apart from money. Also, Starbucks Coffee develops tools and courses to support and train employees towards their future career development. Although the costs of these partner benefits are rapidly rising, Starbucks Coffee covers the financial risks and funds to display benefits and training courses, because it is aware how employee satisfaction affects the productivity and behaviour towards customers. Accordingly, great treatment of employees in the well-developed and humanly concentrated environment has brought Starbucks Coffee much impact on the high quality services to customers and thus an increase in company sales each year. In addition to the Human Relations Management being focused on the importance of the working environment for employees as a socialised natural group that is aimed at satisfying personal needs and wants of each employee, there is another significant principle of the Human Relations Movement. This is two way communications between employees and managers. According to the Hawthorne experiment, which was performed by Elton Mayo, as explained above, Bartol (2005) advocates that â€Å"collaborative and co-operative supervisor-and-worker relationships was emphasised† (Bartol, Tein, Matthews Martin, 2005, P. 3) Mayo carried out an experiment about the effects of physical conditions of work. During the experiment, he observed the impact on the productivity of workers by varying the lighting conditions, however there was no particular change found that affected workers. Mayo (1932, P. 153, as cited in Pugh Hickson, 1989) eventually realised that â€Å"communication between workers an d the research team was very full and open throughout the experimental period. † Mayo had discovered that the communication was one of the most effective fundamentals to stimulate the motivation of employees so as to boom a level of production. Unlike the classical perspectives of management principles of the Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, which stated the significance of one way communication by giving orders and requirements from managers to workers, the Human Relations Movement stresses â€Å"the importance of an adequate communication system, particularly upwards from workers to management (Pugh Hickson, 1989, P. 155). In today’s organisations, employees have a right to express and indicate their opinions and personal thoughts towards the management, so that the decisions can be made widely throughout whole organisation. As a result, in order to operate this management system, the role of managers in the organisation requires them to have â€Å"social skills as well as technical skills† (Bartol, Tein, Matthews Martin, 2005, P. 43) to understand the influence of human control on organisational outputs. Starbucks, for instance, performs its operations under the principles of the Human Relations Movement by displaying two-way communication between employees and managers in their work environment. In the first place, Starbucks Coffee ensures all its policies, standards and procedures are communicated between employees and managers. Managers in this organisation allow employees to provide their own suggestions and complaints, therefore Starbucks Coffee can improve its effectiveness and correct any deficiencies. The managers conduct daily and weekly interviews to listen to what individual employees want. Starbucks Coffee also holds a special survey for employees every 18 to 24 months, called a ‘Partner View Survey’. By operating this survey, employees give the management feedback as they are requested to point out what in the organisation performs well and issues which it needs to consider more closely. In addition, Starbucks supplies training courses for managers so that they can act as role models for employees and can lead and control employees in a positive manner. This organisation is concerned about the importance of personal control with every employee so as to construct a closer and informal relationship with each other. Starbucks Coffee is hence continuing to develop passionate, motivated employees who have a large impact on their consistent sale increases. As stated so far, the Human Relations Movement is mainly based on the satisfaction and motivation of each individual employee rather than a formally structured organisational group. As distinct from Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, a socialised natural work environment for employees and two-way communication between employees and managers, especially upwards from employees to managers, conceptualises the Human Relations Movement. Starbucks Coffee could become one of the most successful coffee franchise restaurants in New Zealand, because it has adapted well to and operate effectively in modern management based on the Human Relations Movement. Managers show their respect towards individual employee by treating every employee equally. Also the organisation offers employees a lot of personal benefits rather than incentives. Besides, the management in Starbuck Coffee open their minds to communicate efficiently with employees as they conduct a survey, interview and receive feedback. Overall, as a result, the Human Relations Movement is an obviously essential method of the management that modern organisations must apply to operate as a successful and influencing business in the market. 1359 Words Reference List Badol, K. , Tein, M. , Matthews, G. Martin D. (2005). Management: A Pacific Rim Focus 4E. Mc Graw Hill Australia. James, H. (2003). The Gurus who created Modern Management and why their ideas are bad for Business today. Cambridge. MA Perseus Books Group. Macky, K. Johnson, G. (2003). Managing Human Resources in New Zealand (2nd ed. . Mc Graw Hill Australia. Nicholson, N. (1998). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organisational Behaviour. Blackwell. Pugh, D. S. Hickson, D. J. (1989). Writers on Organisations – An invaluable introduction to the ideas and arguments of leading writers on MGMT (4th ed). Penguin Business. Robbins, S. P. Barnwell, N. (2006). Organisation Theory – Concepts and cases (5th ed. ). Pearson education Australia. Robbins, S. P . Judge, T. A. (2007). Organisational Behavior. Robbins, S. P. , Millett, B. Waters-Marsh. (2004). Organisational Behaviour. Pearson

buy custom Discrimination During the Hiring Process Essay Sample

buy custom Discrimination During the Hiring Process Essay Sample Discrimination During the Hiring Process Introduction The contemporary society comprises a diverse mix of individuals characterized by different ethnic affiliation, race, religious views, color, and sex. These variations are caused by the intense movement of people from one country, region, or continent to the other in search for education, settlement and employment opportunities. Therefore, modern societies are characterized by diverse culture. In such a situation, employment opportunities may be affected by discrimination. Employment discrimination is illegal and extremely immoral; it violates social and human principles and values. It is described as the act of overlooking certain recruits during a job selection process based on their sex, color, race, ethnicity, marital status, disability, or religion. Despite ample criticism and venom being directed at such actions, discrimination during hiring process for employment is still practiced and is often overlooked by upper management of the hiring organization. The paper will delineate areas where discrimination is evidenced in the hiring process.

John Jay College GPA, SAT and ACT Scores for Admission

John Jay College GPA, SAT and ACT Scores for Admission John Jay College GPA, SAT and ACT Graph CUNY John Jay College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at John Jay College? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of John Jay Colleges Admissions Standards: The CUNY  John Jay College of Criminal Justice has moderately selective admissions. The admissions bar is not overly high, but the college gets enough applications to keep the acceptance rate well below 50%. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that most admitted students had a GPA of 2.5 or higher, an ACT composite score of 18 or better, and a combined SAT score (RWM) of roughly 950 or higher. In the middle of the graph, youll notice a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) overlapping with the green and blue. This means that some students who were potentially on target for admission to John Jay College were not admitted. On the flip side, a few students were accepted with test scores and grades below the norm. This is because the CUNY application used by all of the CUNY campuses is evaluated holistically. John Jay College and the other CUNY schools want to see high grades in rigorous courses and strong test scores, but they also take into consideration your application essay and letters of recommendation. To learn more about John Jay College, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: John Jay College Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Related Articles: The CUNY CollegesSAT Score Comparison for the CUNY CampusesTop New York Colleges and Universities If You Like John Jay College, You May Also Like These Schools Stony Brook University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCUNY Hunter College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAdelphi University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity at Albany:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFordham University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCUNY Lehman College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHofstra University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSUNY Buffalo State:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCollege of Staten Island CUNY:  Profile  University of New Haven:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

The internationalizing staffing strategies of the BMW group Essay

The internationalizing staffing strategies of the BMW group - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that organizations adapt their human resource management practices for successful strategies execution to survive and grow in the international markets. International human resource field has been a focus of all business organizations, and its significance will grow in the subsequent years. International organizations use three strategies types for transfer of practices of human resource across different countries. The first strategy is the ethnocentric strategy, which uses similar practices of human resources of the parent company in its host nations. Secondly, they use a polycentric strategy that employs local people as labor force and adapts the human resource practices of the host nation. The third one is a geocentric strategy, which only focuses on talents of the employee and adopts human resource practices, which are operational and resourceful irrespective of the nationality. All strategies have their weaknesses and strengths that ar e applied as per the business type, the strategy of the organization, the leadership, and the experiences of the organization regarding diverse strategies. The international groups can use traditionally sensitive and adaptive practices of human resource management for generating a modest advantage in foreign tasks. In an effort to discover novel markets and prospects, international corporations are adapting to practices of human resource management across diverse borders.

Applying International Trade Concepts simulation and economics Research Paper

Applying International Trade Concepts simulation and economics - Research Paper Example Consequently, parties to an international trade require a globalized perspective and an approach that can manage the complex regulatory environment of international trade. The diversity challenge also extends to culture that require cultural sensitivity, cultural awareness, and collaborative measures for effectiveness. These issues are however absent or are less significant in domestic trade environments. International trade regulations also form another issue in the trade because of required compliance. Parties must therefore have knowledge diverse regulatory frameworks (Selivanova, 2011). Economic environment is another significant issue that surrounds international trade. Factors such as an economy’s gross domestic product, â€Å"inflation, per capita income, and disposable income† are significant to viability of a business in an economy and in comparative analysis to determine the best economy to conduct business in or with which to conduct business (Singh, 2009, p. 43). Political environment is another issue affecting international trade, includes factors such as stability and perception towards foreigners, and determines a country’s level of attractiveness to investors. Availability of technology and of resources is another issue surrounding international trade. A party to international trade will therefore consider these factors before making a decision to venture into international trade and on which location to

Fostering Teacher Student Relationship in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Fostering Teacher Student Relationship in Nursing Essay The teacher student relationship is very important for children. Children spend approximately 5 to 7 hours a day with a teacher . We ask ourselves what is considered a good teacher? All of us have gone through schooling, and if fortunate had a favorite teacher. A positive relationship between the student and the teacher is difficult to establish, but can be found for both individuals. The qualities for a positive relationship can vary to set a learning experience approachable and inviting the students to learn. A teacher and student who have the qualities of good communications, respect in a classroom, and show interest in teaching from the point of view of the teacher and learning from a student will establish a positive relationship in the classroom. I will be focusing on the relationship between a nursing student and teacher, involving a setting of classroom and at the clinical settings which I have found to be extremely important for the student to gain a positive attitude towards their profession for the rest of life. Each student has different strategies for learning and achieving their goals. A few students in a classroom will grasp and learn quickly, but at the same time there will be those who have to be repeatedly taught using different techniques to be able to understand the lesson. Also, there will be students who roam around and use college as entertainment. They won’t like our instructions or policies. Teaching then becomes difficult, especially if there is no proper communication. Like wise the student disruptions may occur in classes that are poorly organized and managed where students are not provided with appropriate and interesting instructional tasks. The main thing teacher can do is continuously monitor the student in order for him or her to be aware of any difficulties that he/ she is having. Understanding the child’s problem, fear, or confusion will give the teacher a better understanding about the child’s learning difficulties. Once the teacher becomes aware of the problems, he or she will have more patience with the student, thus making the child feel secure or less confused when learning is taking place in the classroom. The same thing happens in clinics also. The students may face many problems in their clinical areas. Many of the students expressed the despair of having a wide practice-theory gap. Eventhough nursing students are learning many subjects in deep; they may be feeling that they can’t practice it all in the actual practice. They may be feeling that they are doing the very basic nursing care that even the nursing aids can do. In my student life I was sometimes observing the evaluative role of teacher, instead of teaching role. So teachers can avoid creating such situations by making the clinics a best teaching arena. A teacher who acts as a good facilitator or supporter at the clinical setting can easily enter in to the minds of young students and this will enhance the development of a hearty relation between these two parties. The student is also responsible for making the communication a positive one. They can approach the teacher for open their mind during their academic or personal crises situations. Of course a teacher is not going to understand every problem for every child in his or her classroom, but will acquire enough information for those students who are struggling with specific tasks. A significant body of research indicates that â€Å"academic achievement and student behavior are influenced by the quality of the teacher and student relationship† (Jones 95). The more the teacher connects or communicates with his or her students, the more likely they will be able to help students learn at a high level and accomplish quickly. Those teachers, who demonstrate respect towards their students, automatically win favor by having active learners in their classroom. The arrogant or offensive teacher will lack these positive qualities due to his or her lack of control over the children. Teachers should assert that they should also be treated with respect . Teachers can blend their warmth and firmness towards the students in their classroom, but with realistic limits. Teachers who are in a classroom might have experienced one time or other students who are disruptive or find learning boring. Teachers understand that if this behavior continues in the classroom and if they do nothing to prevent this from happening, the outcome proves to be disastrous for both types of participants. The student will conclude that his or her behavior is permissible, and will draw away from learning; therefore it is essentially important for the teacher to explain to the child the importance to learn. Though we understand that learning cannot be forced, learning becomes a process for an individual where he or she feels comfortable with learning whether it’s in a classroom or at clinics. Children in first year feel the urge to talk about their problems, fears, or even show their knowledge, but at the same time they want to be listened too. The student will feel valued and respected. Students feel happy when the teacher eventually gives them the option of contributing, or in other words the teacher asks for an opinion, which is usually not offered to the students. The teacher does not have to give up all their control, rather teachers share control with students and encourage interactions that are determined by mutual agreement. A close, but limited relationship between the student and teacher can be helpful for those students who are shy, and find speaking in front of the classroom difficult or children who have low self-esteem. The tension of these students will prevent them to develop the confidence they had always wanted, but never achieved due to not having a good relationship with the teacher. Therefore, how does a teacher hold a relationship that leads to effectively teach the children? The answer becomes clear when teachers interact with, and learn more about their students. Our first educational experience, which takes place in the primary years of our life, sets the principles for our future education. Having established a positive relationship with students will encourage students to seek education and be enthusiastic and to be in school. Remembering our favorite teacher will be recognized because they had at least in one way or another the qualities I discussed in this writing although we are not aware of it during the time we are in school, but teachers are well recognized at a later time of our lives.